Ask HN: Where did you learn modular electronics?

I like to build simple IoT devices and code around them. While I am comfortable with the dev part, I have problems to understand the electronics.

This is why I started with modules (arduino, nodemcu, sensors, audio amplificators) but there are issues the weird resistor, capacitor and whatnot which is plugged beyween, say, the arduino and the sensor.

Is there a place I could learn this "modular" electronics, where I could find "cookbook" advices on these elements needed for the modules to work correctly?

Since this is the way I lend to develop (take a problem, look at the solution and understand the details on the go) I would love to get into electronics via this path, if possible.

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